Дэн Феррелл пишет об обслуживании и ремонте автомобилей своими руками. Имеет сертификаты в области технологий автоматизации и управления.
феникс-картинка> Вот десять причин, по которым ваша машина не заводится... 1. Разряженный аккумулятор 2. Неисправен стартер или система 3. Неисправный генератор 4. Забит топливный фильтр 5. Неисправен регулятор давления топлива 6. Неисправен топливный насос 7. Неисправна катушка зажигания или модуль 8. Неисправен датчик положения коленчатого вала или датчик положения распредвала 9. Большая утечка вакуума 10. Вышел из строя ремень ГРМ Далее в этой статье мы поможем вам пройти некоторые тесты и решить, какая проблема возникла у вас, чтобы вы могли вернуться в путь. ... В пяти основных категориях Ваша проблема очень часто попадает в одну из следующих пяти категорий: Батарея разряжена. Неисправный стартер или генератор. Проблемы с топливной системой Проблемы с системой зажигания Неисправный датчик. Несколько рекомендаций перед началом диагностики Не пропускайте очевидное. Например, убедитесь, что в топливном баке действительно есть бензин, а аккумулятор заряжен и имеет чистые и прочные соединения. Начните с первых двух разделов ниже. Они помогут вам определить потенциальную проблему и проверить наличие проблем с подачей топлива, если это необходимо, чтобы сэкономить ваше время и, возможно, деньги. Кроме того, желательно иметь руководство по ремонту для конкретной марки и модели автомобиля. Вы можете купить относительно недорогую копию через Amazon. Руководство Haynes может помочь вам найти компоненты. Он также включает пошаговые инструкции, описания систем, а также изображения и фотографии для многих задач по обслуживанию, устранению неполадок и замене деталей, так что вы сможете быстро окупить свои небольшие инвестиции. <картинка феникса> феникс-картинка> Предварительная диагностика 1:использование звука в качестве диагностического инструмента Имея дело с двигателем, который отказывается запускаться, вы можете использовать звуки или их отсутствие в качестве диагностического инструмента. Звуки помогают сосредоточиться на системе или системах, в которых может быть обнаружена проблема, устраняя другие потенциальные проблемы. Какой звук вы слышите при попытке запустить двигатель? <сильный>1. Один клик Если вы слышите одиночный четкий щелчок при попытке завести автомобиль, проблема может быть связана со стартером или цепью. <сильный>2. Дребезжащий звук Дребезжащий звук из-под капота, когда вы пытаетесь запустить двигатель, может указывать на недостаточно заряженный аккумулятор, ослабленные или окислившиеся клеммы аккумулятора или проблему с генератором или системой зарядки. <сильный>3. Совсем нет звука Если вы ничего не слышите при попытке завести машину, проверьте: разряженный аккумулятор рыхлый грунт (аккумулятор или двигатель) ослабленные или ржавые клеммы аккумулятора обрыв цепи в системе зажигания перегорел предохранитель стартера или топливного насоса <сильный>4. Звук переворачивающегося двигателя Когда вы поворачиваете ключ зажигания, чтобы запустить двигатель, вы можете услышать обычный рев двигателя, но на самом деле двигатель никогда не запускается. Если да: Убедитесь, что топливный насос включается, когда вы поворачиваете ключ зажигания в положение «Вкл.». Прислушайтесь к жужжащему звуку, который длится около 2 секунд. Если жужжания нет, напряжение не доходит до помпы или помпа вышла из строя. Проверьте цепь. Проверьте подачу топлива. См. следующий раздел. Проверьте, не забит ли топливный фильтр, если в цилиндры поступает мало топлива или совсем его нет. Убедитесь, что система зажигания подает искру на свечи зажигания. При необходимости см. Ресурсы. раздел в нижней части этого поста для получения справки по этим и другим вопросам. <картинка феникса> феникс-картинка> Предварительная диагностика 2:Быстрая проверка подачи топливной системы Часто причина отсутствия запуска связана с неисправностью топливной системы. Если ваш двигатель проворачивается, но отказывается запускаться, проведите этот простой тест. Этот тест может определить, связана ли проблема с подачей топлива. Снимите воздуховод, чтобы получить доступ к корпусу дроссельной заслонки. Распылите немного пусковой жидкости мимо дроссельной заслонки. Попробуйте запустить двигатель. Если двигатель заводится на пару секунд, а затем глохнет, скорее всего, ваша проблема связана с топливом. Проверьте топливный фильтр, регулятор давления топлива и топливный насос, как указано в следующих разделах. В следующем видео показано, как использовать пусковую жидкость. феникс-iframe> Теперь:десять распространенных ошибок и способы проверки каждой из них Теперь, когда у вас есть представление о том, какую систему необходимо исследовать, вы можете приступить к исследованию. Следующие десять разделов посвящены десяти наиболее распространенным неисправностям, с которыми вы, вероятно, столкнетесь, когда ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, и тому, как проверить каждую потенциальную неисправность. <картинка феникса> феникс-картинка> 1. Батарея разряжена Это одна из самых распространенных причин, по которой машина не заводится. Автомобильный аккумулятор может прослужить до шести лет, в зависимости от обслуживания и условий эксплуатации. Например, экстремальные погодные условия сократят срок его службы. Однако нередко аккумулятор внезапно разряжается. Проверьте соединения клемм аккумуляторной батареи. Удалите коррозию и убедитесь, что клеммы затянуты. Затем проверьте уровень электролита, если на аккумуляторе есть съемные крышки. Если ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, убедитесь, что аккумулятор хорошо заряжен. Вы можете использовать цифровой мультиметр (DMM), чтобы проверить его уровень заряда. Чтобы проверить уровень заряда аккумулятора: Выключите все аксессуары, закройте двери и откройте капот. Установите вольтметр на 20 В постоянного тока. Включите цифровой мультиметр и подключите черный провод к отрицательному (-) выводу аккумулятора, а красный провод — к положительному (+) выводу аккумулятора. Ваша батарея должна иметь напряжение не менее 12,4 В; в противном случае зарядите аккумулятор или проверьте его в местном магазине автозапчастей. Если вам нужно подзарядить аккумулятор, по возможности используйте медленную зарядку. Это поможет восстановить состояние батареи. Ваш местный магазин автозапчастей может проверить, в порядке ли ваш аккумулятор. <картинка феникса> 2. Bad Starter Motor or System The starter motor and its circuit are other common sources of trouble. This system could be the culprit if you hear a solid click when attempting to start the engine. There could be a problem with the starter solenoid, relay or starter motor. If necessary, check the circuit with a voltage drop test. See the Resources section at the bottom of this post for help with this test. Also, your local auto parts store will check the starter motor for free, but you'll need to remove the starter from the vehicle. 3. Faulty Alternator Along with a dead or bad battery, alternator issues are one of the most common reasons for a no-start condition. Usually, the charging system will turn on a warning light on the dashboard alerting you about a fault in the system. However, there are many reasons a charging system may fail to deliver a charge to the battery or electrical power to other systems in the vehicle. Points to check: Check for a loose or worn belt or a worn or damaged belt tensioner. Inspect the condition of the wiring and connectors. Have the alternator checked at your local auto parts store. Do an alternator circuit voltage drop test, if necessary. See the Resources section. Keep in mind that a corroded battery terminal could be a sign of an alternator overcharging the battery. If you don't want to do it, your local auto parts store will check the alternator for you. 4. Fuel Filter Clogged Most manufacturers recommend replacing the fuel filter every one or two years. Replace your fuel filter as recommended. Although many fuel filters include a bypass valve in case the filter clogs, not all come equipped with this valve. Besides, rust and other sediments in the fuel tank can make their way to the fuel filter and clog its filter element. Before giving out completely, a clogging fuel filter will give you one or more signs. For example, you may notice a lack of engine power at high speeds, difficulty starting the engine, or poor acceleration. Check your repair manual to inspect the fuel filter and system in your particular model, if necessary. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second section of this post. 5. Faulty Fuel Pressure Regulator A fuel pressure regulator (FPR) limits the amount of pressure buildup in the system, typically to between 35 and 45 psi. Check your vehicle repair manual for your model specifications. But FPRs can fail. If the internal diaphragm begins to leak fuel into the intake manifold, pressure will drop, and the cylinders will be flooded with fuel, making the engine hard to start. Also, if too much raw fuel reaches the catalytic converter, the Check Engine Light (CEL) will begin to flash on your dashboard. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the "Pre-Diagnostic 2" section of this article above. You can perform a few FPR tests at home. See the Resources section at the bottom of this article for some help. 6. Bad Fuel Pump Fuel pumps have a long service life. They can last 80,000 miles or more. If your fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator are fine, but you have a fuel issue, probably your fuel pump is bad. When turning the ignition key to the "On" position, before trying to start the engine, you should hear a buzzing sound for a couple of seconds. This is the sound of the fuel pump motor being activated to prime the fuel delivery system. If you don't hear this sound, it may be that: no voltage is reaching the fuel pump, the fuel pump fuse is blown, the fuel pump relay is bad, or the pump itself may have failed. To verify a fuel delivery issue, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second diagnostic section near the top of this article. Also, check the repair manual for your particular model to see how to test the fuel pump, if necessary. 7. Faulty Ignition Coil or Module For the most part, ignition coils or modules are pretty reliable. Unlike spark plugs, wires, and distributor caps (depending on the model), an ignition coil or module doesn't require much attention. However, they can fail from time to time. The conditions under which they operate, like heat, vibration and other engine performance issues, can have an adverse effect on any of these components after many miles of operation. Older vehicle models used a single ignition coil and module to deliver a spark to the spark plugs. Newer models may use a module and one coil per spark plug. A failed coil or module in one of these models will certainly prevent the engine from starting. You can use a spark tester to verify the presence and condition of the spark. You can buy one at your local auto parts store. If possible, get an adjustable spark tester you can use in different vehicles. The Resources section at the bottom of this post, and your vehicle repair manual, can help you check an ignition coil or test for the presence of a spark in the ignition system. 8. Faulty Crankshaft or Camshaft Position Sensor The crankshaft position (CKP) sensor monitors engine speed, and the camshaft position (CMP) sensor tracks the position of the camshaft. The electronic control module (ECM), the car's computer, uses the signal from both sensors to control fuel injection operation, direct ignition, and, depending on vehicle model, the variable valve timing system. If any of these sensors fails, your car may fail to start. Sometimes, depending on the specific fault, a bad CKP or CMP will trigger the check engine light (CEL). Whether the CEL illuminates on your dashboard or not, it's a good idea to scan the computer memory for potential diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that can help you diagnose a no-start condition. If you don't have a scan tool, your local auto parts store may download DTCs for you without cost. Also, check your vehicle repair manual. And, within the Resources section at the bottom of this post, you'll find links to other posts to help you check these sensors yourself, if possible. 9. Major Vacuum Leak Major vacuum leaks are not common, but they definitely happen. A vacuum leak can make the air-fuel mixture too lean, preventing the engine from starting. A leak may come from a vacuum line, intake manifold gasket, throttle body gasket, leaking EGR valve gasket, power brake booster or positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve. Vacuum leaks can be tricky to find. You can visually inspect every vacuum hose and trace it with your hand, feeling for tears or damaged spots. Also, pay attention to hissing sounds that may indicate a leak. A leaking gasket is harder to detect, though, unless you have a smoke machine designed for this purpose. If necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual. 10. Failed Timing Belt You won't see this type of failure often. Timing belts can last between 50,000 and 100,000 miles or more, depending on your particular model. And if you have a timing chain rather than a belt, you may never have to worry about replacing it. Still, if you've checked the usual suspect without success, check for a failed timing belt or chain. The engine's crankshaft and camshaft are joined by a timing belt or chain through a series of sprockets. When this belt or chain brakes or wears out, or the tensioner fails, the crankshaft won't be able to rotate the camshaft anymore, making it impossible to start the engine. Checking for a failed timing belt or chain: On a vehicle fitted with a distributor, you can remove the distributor cap and try to fire up the engine. If the distributor rotor doesn't move, most likely your timing belt or chain, or one of the system components, has failed. On models with multiport fuel injection systems, sometimes it's possible to remove the timing belt or chain cover to check for camshaft movement while trying to start the engine. Or you may be able to remove the oil cap from the valve cover, or the cover itself if necessary, to check for valve movement while trying to start the engine. If there's no movement, it's time to check the belt, chain, or system components. If the camshaft rotates, you may still want to verify ignition timing. If the belt or chain has skipped some sprocket teeth, it may be difficult or impossible to start your engine. Consult your vehicle repair manual to check crankshaft and camshaft synchronization. A Few Unusual Additional Possibilities Of course, there are other model-specific components or systems that can prevent your vehicle from starting. Например: A faulty key fob or with a drained battery. Inertia fuel shut-off switch triggered during an accident or a jolt on the road. Faulty anti-theft system. Consult the repair manual for your specific make and model for help on these and other systems or components. Dealing With a Car That Won't Start To sum up, when your car won't start, begin your diagnostic with the most simple components or obvious potential problems, as in Diagnostics 1 and 2 at the beginning of the article: Make sure there's gas in the fuel tank. Verify your battery's state of charge. Make sure battery terminals are clean and tight. Check the battery and engine ground connections. Verify the fuel pump is energizing when turning the ignition key to On. Check for blown fuses. Then you can start checking the alternator, starter motor, ignition, fuel system pressure, and their circuits. Most of the time you'll be able to fix the problem yourself. Sometimes, you will need to replace a fuel pressure regulator, ignition coil, module, or fuel pump, or fix a vacuum leak. See the Resources below for diagnostic ideas if you have narrowed your problem down to a particular system. Resources on Starting System Faults Car Starter Problems? Five Starting-System Inspection Tips Car starter problems? Don't blame the starter motor yet. These 5 troubleshooting tips will help you find the culprit. How to Use Voltage Drop to Troubleshoot the Starter System Testing the voltage drop can help you find trouble spots in your starter circuit before you swap components unnecessarily. Resources on Charging Circuit Faults Troubleshooting Alternator and Charging System Problems Diagnose alternator and charging system problems with this practical guide to get your car back on the road faster. How to Do a Voltage Drop Test on Your Charging System Voltage-drop test your charging system circuit before condemning your alternator. Resources on the Fuel System How to Test a Fuel Pressure Regulator Learn how to test a fuel pressure regulator to save money and time in car repairs. Resources for Dealing with the Crankshaft and Camshaft Sensors How to Test a Crankshaft Position Sensor Using a Multimeter Troubleshoot an inductive or Hall effect type crankshaft position (CKP) sensor using a digital multimeter. Camshaft Position Sensor Test You can do a camshaft position sensor test using a digital multimeter at home and, if necessary, using a few common tools. My Engine Has No Spark at the Coil If your car’s ignition system has no spark, a few simple tests can help you locate the fault. Resources for Dealing With Battery Faults How to Test a Car Battery With a Multimeter or Hydrometer This guide will show you how to use a digital multimeter, hydrometer, and other simple tools to troubleshoot, inspect, and clean your battery if necessary. How to Do a Parasitic Battery Drain Test Find that parasitic battery drain that's causing your car battery problems whether you have a newer or older vehicle model. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
1. Разряженный аккумулятор
2. Неисправен стартер или система
3. Неисправный генератор
4. Забит топливный фильтр
5. Неисправен регулятор давления топлива
6. Неисправен топливный насос
7. Неисправна катушка зажигания или модуль
8. Неисправен датчик положения коленчатого вала или датчик положения распредвала
9. Большая утечка вакуума
10. Вышел из строя ремень ГРМ
Далее в этой статье мы поможем вам пройти некоторые тесты и решить, какая проблема возникла у вас, чтобы вы могли вернуться в путь.
Ваша проблема очень часто попадает в одну из следующих пяти категорий:
феникс-картинка> Предварительная диагностика 1:использование звука в качестве диагностического инструмента Имея дело с двигателем, который отказывается запускаться, вы можете использовать звуки или их отсутствие в качестве диагностического инструмента. Звуки помогают сосредоточиться на системе или системах, в которых может быть обнаружена проблема, устраняя другие потенциальные проблемы. Какой звук вы слышите при попытке запустить двигатель? <сильный>1. Один клик Если вы слышите одиночный четкий щелчок при попытке завести автомобиль, проблема может быть связана со стартером или цепью. <сильный>2. Дребезжащий звук Дребезжащий звук из-под капота, когда вы пытаетесь запустить двигатель, может указывать на недостаточно заряженный аккумулятор, ослабленные или окислившиеся клеммы аккумулятора или проблему с генератором или системой зарядки. <сильный>3. Совсем нет звука Если вы ничего не слышите при попытке завести машину, проверьте: разряженный аккумулятор рыхлый грунт (аккумулятор или двигатель) ослабленные или ржавые клеммы аккумулятора обрыв цепи в системе зажигания перегорел предохранитель стартера или топливного насоса <сильный>4. Звук переворачивающегося двигателя Когда вы поворачиваете ключ зажигания, чтобы запустить двигатель, вы можете услышать обычный рев двигателя, но на самом деле двигатель никогда не запускается. Если да: Убедитесь, что топливный насос включается, когда вы поворачиваете ключ зажигания в положение «Вкл.». Прислушайтесь к жужжащему звуку, который длится около 2 секунд. Если жужжания нет, напряжение не доходит до помпы или помпа вышла из строя. Проверьте цепь. Проверьте подачу топлива. См. следующий раздел. Проверьте, не забит ли топливный фильтр, если в цилиндры поступает мало топлива или совсем его нет. Убедитесь, что система зажигания подает искру на свечи зажигания. При необходимости см. Ресурсы. раздел в нижней части этого поста для получения справки по этим и другим вопросам. <картинка феникса> феникс-картинка> Предварительная диагностика 2:Быстрая проверка подачи топливной системы Часто причина отсутствия запуска связана с неисправностью топливной системы. Если ваш двигатель проворачивается, но отказывается запускаться, проведите этот простой тест. Этот тест может определить, связана ли проблема с подачей топлива. Снимите воздуховод, чтобы получить доступ к корпусу дроссельной заслонки. Распылите немного пусковой жидкости мимо дроссельной заслонки. Попробуйте запустить двигатель. Если двигатель заводится на пару секунд, а затем глохнет, скорее всего, ваша проблема связана с топливом. Проверьте топливный фильтр, регулятор давления топлива и топливный насос, как указано в следующих разделах. В следующем видео показано, как использовать пусковую жидкость. феникс-iframe> Теперь:десять распространенных ошибок и способы проверки каждой из них Теперь, когда у вас есть представление о том, какую систему необходимо исследовать, вы можете приступить к исследованию. Следующие десять разделов посвящены десяти наиболее распространенным неисправностям, с которыми вы, вероятно, столкнетесь, когда ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, и тому, как проверить каждую потенциальную неисправность. <картинка феникса> феникс-картинка> 1. Батарея разряжена Это одна из самых распространенных причин, по которой машина не заводится. Автомобильный аккумулятор может прослужить до шести лет, в зависимости от обслуживания и условий эксплуатации. Например, экстремальные погодные условия сократят срок его службы. Однако нередко аккумулятор внезапно разряжается. Проверьте соединения клемм аккумуляторной батареи. Удалите коррозию и убедитесь, что клеммы затянуты. Затем проверьте уровень электролита, если на аккумуляторе есть съемные крышки. Если ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, убедитесь, что аккумулятор хорошо заряжен. Вы можете использовать цифровой мультиметр (DMM), чтобы проверить его уровень заряда. Чтобы проверить уровень заряда аккумулятора: Выключите все аксессуары, закройте двери и откройте капот. Установите вольтметр на 20 В постоянного тока. Включите цифровой мультиметр и подключите черный провод к отрицательному (-) выводу аккумулятора, а красный провод — к положительному (+) выводу аккумулятора. Ваша батарея должна иметь напряжение не менее 12,4 В; в противном случае зарядите аккумулятор или проверьте его в местном магазине автозапчастей. Если вам нужно подзарядить аккумулятор, по возможности используйте медленную зарядку. Это поможет восстановить состояние батареи. Ваш местный магазин автозапчастей может проверить, в порядке ли ваш аккумулятор. <картинка феникса> 2. Bad Starter Motor or System The starter motor and its circuit are other common sources of trouble. This system could be the culprit if you hear a solid click when attempting to start the engine. There could be a problem with the starter solenoid, relay or starter motor. If necessary, check the circuit with a voltage drop test. See the Resources section at the bottom of this post for help with this test. Also, your local auto parts store will check the starter motor for free, but you'll need to remove the starter from the vehicle. 3. Faulty Alternator Along with a dead or bad battery, alternator issues are one of the most common reasons for a no-start condition. Usually, the charging system will turn on a warning light on the dashboard alerting you about a fault in the system. However, there are many reasons a charging system may fail to deliver a charge to the battery or electrical power to other systems in the vehicle. Points to check: Check for a loose or worn belt or a worn or damaged belt tensioner. Inspect the condition of the wiring and connectors. Have the alternator checked at your local auto parts store. Do an alternator circuit voltage drop test, if necessary. See the Resources section. Keep in mind that a corroded battery terminal could be a sign of an alternator overcharging the battery. If you don't want to do it, your local auto parts store will check the alternator for you. 4. Fuel Filter Clogged Most manufacturers recommend replacing the fuel filter every one or two years. Replace your fuel filter as recommended. Although many fuel filters include a bypass valve in case the filter clogs, not all come equipped with this valve. Besides, rust and other sediments in the fuel tank can make their way to the fuel filter and clog its filter element. Before giving out completely, a clogging fuel filter will give you one or more signs. For example, you may notice a lack of engine power at high speeds, difficulty starting the engine, or poor acceleration. Check your repair manual to inspect the fuel filter and system in your particular model, if necessary. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second section of this post. 5. Faulty Fuel Pressure Regulator A fuel pressure regulator (FPR) limits the amount of pressure buildup in the system, typically to between 35 and 45 psi. Check your vehicle repair manual for your model specifications. But FPRs can fail. If the internal diaphragm begins to leak fuel into the intake manifold, pressure will drop, and the cylinders will be flooded with fuel, making the engine hard to start. Also, if too much raw fuel reaches the catalytic converter, the Check Engine Light (CEL) will begin to flash on your dashboard. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the "Pre-Diagnostic 2" section of this article above. You can perform a few FPR tests at home. See the Resources section at the bottom of this article for some help. 6. Bad Fuel Pump Fuel pumps have a long service life. They can last 80,000 miles or more. If your fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator are fine, but you have a fuel issue, probably your fuel pump is bad. When turning the ignition key to the "On" position, before trying to start the engine, you should hear a buzzing sound for a couple of seconds. This is the sound of the fuel pump motor being activated to prime the fuel delivery system. If you don't hear this sound, it may be that: no voltage is reaching the fuel pump, the fuel pump fuse is blown, the fuel pump relay is bad, or the pump itself may have failed. To verify a fuel delivery issue, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second diagnostic section near the top of this article. Also, check the repair manual for your particular model to see how to test the fuel pump, if necessary. 7. Faulty Ignition Coil or Module For the most part, ignition coils or modules are pretty reliable. Unlike spark plugs, wires, and distributor caps (depending on the model), an ignition coil or module doesn't require much attention. However, they can fail from time to time. The conditions under which they operate, like heat, vibration and other engine performance issues, can have an adverse effect on any of these components after many miles of operation. Older vehicle models used a single ignition coil and module to deliver a spark to the spark plugs. Newer models may use a module and one coil per spark plug. A failed coil or module in one of these models will certainly prevent the engine from starting. You can use a spark tester to verify the presence and condition of the spark. You can buy one at your local auto parts store. If possible, get an adjustable spark tester you can use in different vehicles. The Resources section at the bottom of this post, and your vehicle repair manual, can help you check an ignition coil or test for the presence of a spark in the ignition system. 8. Faulty Crankshaft or Camshaft Position Sensor The crankshaft position (CKP) sensor monitors engine speed, and the camshaft position (CMP) sensor tracks the position of the camshaft. The electronic control module (ECM), the car's computer, uses the signal from both sensors to control fuel injection operation, direct ignition, and, depending on vehicle model, the variable valve timing system. If any of these sensors fails, your car may fail to start. Sometimes, depending on the specific fault, a bad CKP or CMP will trigger the check engine light (CEL). Whether the CEL illuminates on your dashboard or not, it's a good idea to scan the computer memory for potential diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that can help you diagnose a no-start condition. If you don't have a scan tool, your local auto parts store may download DTCs for you without cost. Also, check your vehicle repair manual. And, within the Resources section at the bottom of this post, you'll find links to other posts to help you check these sensors yourself, if possible. 9. Major Vacuum Leak Major vacuum leaks are not common, but they definitely happen. A vacuum leak can make the air-fuel mixture too lean, preventing the engine from starting. A leak may come from a vacuum line, intake manifold gasket, throttle body gasket, leaking EGR valve gasket, power brake booster or positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve. Vacuum leaks can be tricky to find. You can visually inspect every vacuum hose and trace it with your hand, feeling for tears or damaged spots. Also, pay attention to hissing sounds that may indicate a leak. A leaking gasket is harder to detect, though, unless you have a smoke machine designed for this purpose. If necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual. 10. Failed Timing Belt You won't see this type of failure often. Timing belts can last between 50,000 and 100,000 miles or more, depending on your particular model. And if you have a timing chain rather than a belt, you may never have to worry about replacing it. Still, if you've checked the usual suspect without success, check for a failed timing belt or chain. The engine's crankshaft and camshaft are joined by a timing belt or chain through a series of sprockets. When this belt or chain brakes or wears out, or the tensioner fails, the crankshaft won't be able to rotate the camshaft anymore, making it impossible to start the engine. Checking for a failed timing belt or chain: On a vehicle fitted with a distributor, you can remove the distributor cap and try to fire up the engine. If the distributor rotor doesn't move, most likely your timing belt or chain, or one of the system components, has failed. On models with multiport fuel injection systems, sometimes it's possible to remove the timing belt or chain cover to check for camshaft movement while trying to start the engine. Or you may be able to remove the oil cap from the valve cover, or the cover itself if necessary, to check for valve movement while trying to start the engine. If there's no movement, it's time to check the belt, chain, or system components. If the camshaft rotates, you may still want to verify ignition timing. If the belt or chain has skipped some sprocket teeth, it may be difficult or impossible to start your engine. Consult your vehicle repair manual to check crankshaft and camshaft synchronization. A Few Unusual Additional Possibilities Of course, there are other model-specific components or systems that can prevent your vehicle from starting. Например: A faulty key fob or with a drained battery. Inertia fuel shut-off switch triggered during an accident or a jolt on the road. Faulty anti-theft system. Consult the repair manual for your specific make and model for help on these and other systems or components. Dealing With a Car That Won't Start To sum up, when your car won't start, begin your diagnostic with the most simple components or obvious potential problems, as in Diagnostics 1 and 2 at the beginning of the article: Make sure there's gas in the fuel tank. Verify your battery's state of charge. Make sure battery terminals are clean and tight. Check the battery and engine ground connections. Verify the fuel pump is energizing when turning the ignition key to On. Check for blown fuses. Then you can start checking the alternator, starter motor, ignition, fuel system pressure, and their circuits. Most of the time you'll be able to fix the problem yourself. Sometimes, you will need to replace a fuel pressure regulator, ignition coil, module, or fuel pump, or fix a vacuum leak. See the Resources below for diagnostic ideas if you have narrowed your problem down to a particular system. Resources on Starting System Faults Car Starter Problems? Five Starting-System Inspection Tips Car starter problems? Don't blame the starter motor yet. These 5 troubleshooting tips will help you find the culprit. How to Use Voltage Drop to Troubleshoot the Starter System Testing the voltage drop can help you find trouble spots in your starter circuit before you swap components unnecessarily. Resources on Charging Circuit Faults Troubleshooting Alternator and Charging System Problems Diagnose alternator and charging system problems with this practical guide to get your car back on the road faster. How to Do a Voltage Drop Test on Your Charging System Voltage-drop test your charging system circuit before condemning your alternator. Resources on the Fuel System How to Test a Fuel Pressure Regulator Learn how to test a fuel pressure regulator to save money and time in car repairs. Resources for Dealing with the Crankshaft and Camshaft Sensors How to Test a Crankshaft Position Sensor Using a Multimeter Troubleshoot an inductive or Hall effect type crankshaft position (CKP) sensor using a digital multimeter. Camshaft Position Sensor Test You can do a camshaft position sensor test using a digital multimeter at home and, if necessary, using a few common tools. My Engine Has No Spark at the Coil If your car’s ignition system has no spark, a few simple tests can help you locate the fault. Resources for Dealing With Battery Faults How to Test a Car Battery With a Multimeter or Hydrometer This guide will show you how to use a digital multimeter, hydrometer, and other simple tools to troubleshoot, inspect, and clean your battery if necessary. How to Do a Parasitic Battery Drain Test Find that parasitic battery drain that's causing your car battery problems whether you have a newer or older vehicle model. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
Имея дело с двигателем, который отказывается запускаться, вы можете использовать звуки или их отсутствие в качестве диагностического инструмента. Звуки помогают сосредоточиться на системе или системах, в которых может быть обнаружена проблема, устраняя другие потенциальные проблемы.
<сильный>1. Один клик
Если вы слышите одиночный четкий щелчок при попытке завести автомобиль, проблема может быть связана со стартером или цепью.
<сильный>2. Дребезжащий звук
Дребезжащий звук из-под капота, когда вы пытаетесь запустить двигатель, может указывать на недостаточно заряженный аккумулятор, ослабленные или окислившиеся клеммы аккумулятора или проблему с генератором или системой зарядки.
<сильный>3. Совсем нет звука
Если вы ничего не слышите при попытке завести машину, проверьте:
<сильный>4. Звук переворачивающегося двигателя
Когда вы поворачиваете ключ зажигания, чтобы запустить двигатель, вы можете услышать обычный рев двигателя, но на самом деле двигатель никогда не запускается. Если да:
При необходимости см. Ресурсы. раздел в нижней части этого поста для получения справки по этим и другим вопросам.
феникс-картинка> Предварительная диагностика 2:Быстрая проверка подачи топливной системы Часто причина отсутствия запуска связана с неисправностью топливной системы. Если ваш двигатель проворачивается, но отказывается запускаться, проведите этот простой тест. Этот тест может определить, связана ли проблема с подачей топлива. Снимите воздуховод, чтобы получить доступ к корпусу дроссельной заслонки. Распылите немного пусковой жидкости мимо дроссельной заслонки. Попробуйте запустить двигатель. Если двигатель заводится на пару секунд, а затем глохнет, скорее всего, ваша проблема связана с топливом. Проверьте топливный фильтр, регулятор давления топлива и топливный насос, как указано в следующих разделах. В следующем видео показано, как использовать пусковую жидкость. феникс-iframe> Теперь:десять распространенных ошибок и способы проверки каждой из них Теперь, когда у вас есть представление о том, какую систему необходимо исследовать, вы можете приступить к исследованию. Следующие десять разделов посвящены десяти наиболее распространенным неисправностям, с которыми вы, вероятно, столкнетесь, когда ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, и тому, как проверить каждую потенциальную неисправность. <картинка феникса> феникс-картинка> 1. Батарея разряжена Это одна из самых распространенных причин, по которой машина не заводится. Автомобильный аккумулятор может прослужить до шести лет, в зависимости от обслуживания и условий эксплуатации. Например, экстремальные погодные условия сократят срок его службы. Однако нередко аккумулятор внезапно разряжается. Проверьте соединения клемм аккумуляторной батареи. Удалите коррозию и убедитесь, что клеммы затянуты. Затем проверьте уровень электролита, если на аккумуляторе есть съемные крышки. Если ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, убедитесь, что аккумулятор хорошо заряжен. Вы можете использовать цифровой мультиметр (DMM), чтобы проверить его уровень заряда. Чтобы проверить уровень заряда аккумулятора: Выключите все аксессуары, закройте двери и откройте капот. Установите вольтметр на 20 В постоянного тока. Включите цифровой мультиметр и подключите черный провод к отрицательному (-) выводу аккумулятора, а красный провод — к положительному (+) выводу аккумулятора. Ваша батарея должна иметь напряжение не менее 12,4 В; в противном случае зарядите аккумулятор или проверьте его в местном магазине автозапчастей. Если вам нужно подзарядить аккумулятор, по возможности используйте медленную зарядку. Это поможет восстановить состояние батареи. Ваш местный магазин автозапчастей может проверить, в порядке ли ваш аккумулятор. <картинка феникса> 2. Bad Starter Motor or System The starter motor and its circuit are other common sources of trouble. This system could be the culprit if you hear a solid click when attempting to start the engine. There could be a problem with the starter solenoid, relay or starter motor. If necessary, check the circuit with a voltage drop test. See the Resources section at the bottom of this post for help with this test. Also, your local auto parts store will check the starter motor for free, but you'll need to remove the starter from the vehicle. 3. Faulty Alternator Along with a dead or bad battery, alternator issues are one of the most common reasons for a no-start condition. Usually, the charging system will turn on a warning light on the dashboard alerting you about a fault in the system. However, there are many reasons a charging system may fail to deliver a charge to the battery or electrical power to other systems in the vehicle. Points to check: Check for a loose or worn belt or a worn or damaged belt tensioner. Inspect the condition of the wiring and connectors. Have the alternator checked at your local auto parts store. Do an alternator circuit voltage drop test, if necessary. See the Resources section. Keep in mind that a corroded battery terminal could be a sign of an alternator overcharging the battery. If you don't want to do it, your local auto parts store will check the alternator for you. 4. Fuel Filter Clogged Most manufacturers recommend replacing the fuel filter every one or two years. Replace your fuel filter as recommended. Although many fuel filters include a bypass valve in case the filter clogs, not all come equipped with this valve. Besides, rust and other sediments in the fuel tank can make their way to the fuel filter and clog its filter element. Before giving out completely, a clogging fuel filter will give you one or more signs. For example, you may notice a lack of engine power at high speeds, difficulty starting the engine, or poor acceleration. Check your repair manual to inspect the fuel filter and system in your particular model, if necessary. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second section of this post. 5. Faulty Fuel Pressure Regulator A fuel pressure regulator (FPR) limits the amount of pressure buildup in the system, typically to between 35 and 45 psi. Check your vehicle repair manual for your model specifications. But FPRs can fail. If the internal diaphragm begins to leak fuel into the intake manifold, pressure will drop, and the cylinders will be flooded with fuel, making the engine hard to start. Also, if too much raw fuel reaches the catalytic converter, the Check Engine Light (CEL) will begin to flash on your dashboard. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the "Pre-Diagnostic 2" section of this article above. You can perform a few FPR tests at home. See the Resources section at the bottom of this article for some help. 6. Bad Fuel Pump Fuel pumps have a long service life. They can last 80,000 miles or more. If your fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator are fine, but you have a fuel issue, probably your fuel pump is bad. When turning the ignition key to the "On" position, before trying to start the engine, you should hear a buzzing sound for a couple of seconds. This is the sound of the fuel pump motor being activated to prime the fuel delivery system. If you don't hear this sound, it may be that: no voltage is reaching the fuel pump, the fuel pump fuse is blown, the fuel pump relay is bad, or the pump itself may have failed. To verify a fuel delivery issue, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second diagnostic section near the top of this article. Also, check the repair manual for your particular model to see how to test the fuel pump, if necessary. 7. Faulty Ignition Coil or Module For the most part, ignition coils or modules are pretty reliable. Unlike spark plugs, wires, and distributor caps (depending on the model), an ignition coil or module doesn't require much attention. However, they can fail from time to time. The conditions under which they operate, like heat, vibration and other engine performance issues, can have an adverse effect on any of these components after many miles of operation. Older vehicle models used a single ignition coil and module to deliver a spark to the spark plugs. Newer models may use a module and one coil per spark plug. A failed coil or module in one of these models will certainly prevent the engine from starting. You can use a spark tester to verify the presence and condition of the spark. You can buy one at your local auto parts store. If possible, get an adjustable spark tester you can use in different vehicles. The Resources section at the bottom of this post, and your vehicle repair manual, can help you check an ignition coil or test for the presence of a spark in the ignition system. 8. Faulty Crankshaft or Camshaft Position Sensor The crankshaft position (CKP) sensor monitors engine speed, and the camshaft position (CMP) sensor tracks the position of the camshaft. The electronic control module (ECM), the car's computer, uses the signal from both sensors to control fuel injection operation, direct ignition, and, depending on vehicle model, the variable valve timing system. If any of these sensors fails, your car may fail to start. Sometimes, depending on the specific fault, a bad CKP or CMP will trigger the check engine light (CEL). Whether the CEL illuminates on your dashboard or not, it's a good idea to scan the computer memory for potential diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that can help you diagnose a no-start condition. If you don't have a scan tool, your local auto parts store may download DTCs for you without cost. Also, check your vehicle repair manual. And, within the Resources section at the bottom of this post, you'll find links to other posts to help you check these sensors yourself, if possible. 9. Major Vacuum Leak Major vacuum leaks are not common, but they definitely happen. A vacuum leak can make the air-fuel mixture too lean, preventing the engine from starting. A leak may come from a vacuum line, intake manifold gasket, throttle body gasket, leaking EGR valve gasket, power brake booster or positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve. Vacuum leaks can be tricky to find. You can visually inspect every vacuum hose and trace it with your hand, feeling for tears or damaged spots. Also, pay attention to hissing sounds that may indicate a leak. A leaking gasket is harder to detect, though, unless you have a smoke machine designed for this purpose. If necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual. 10. Failed Timing Belt You won't see this type of failure often. Timing belts can last between 50,000 and 100,000 miles or more, depending on your particular model. And if you have a timing chain rather than a belt, you may never have to worry about replacing it. Still, if you've checked the usual suspect without success, check for a failed timing belt or chain. The engine's crankshaft and camshaft are joined by a timing belt or chain through a series of sprockets. When this belt or chain brakes or wears out, or the tensioner fails, the crankshaft won't be able to rotate the camshaft anymore, making it impossible to start the engine. Checking for a failed timing belt or chain: On a vehicle fitted with a distributor, you can remove the distributor cap and try to fire up the engine. If the distributor rotor doesn't move, most likely your timing belt or chain, or one of the system components, has failed. On models with multiport fuel injection systems, sometimes it's possible to remove the timing belt or chain cover to check for camshaft movement while trying to start the engine. Or you may be able to remove the oil cap from the valve cover, or the cover itself if necessary, to check for valve movement while trying to start the engine. If there's no movement, it's time to check the belt, chain, or system components. If the camshaft rotates, you may still want to verify ignition timing. If the belt or chain has skipped some sprocket teeth, it may be difficult or impossible to start your engine. Consult your vehicle repair manual to check crankshaft and camshaft synchronization. A Few Unusual Additional Possibilities Of course, there are other model-specific components or systems that can prevent your vehicle from starting. Например: A faulty key fob or with a drained battery. Inertia fuel shut-off switch triggered during an accident or a jolt on the road. Faulty anti-theft system. Consult the repair manual for your specific make and model for help on these and other systems or components. Dealing With a Car That Won't Start To sum up, when your car won't start, begin your diagnostic with the most simple components or obvious potential problems, as in Diagnostics 1 and 2 at the beginning of the article: Make sure there's gas in the fuel tank. Verify your battery's state of charge. Make sure battery terminals are clean and tight. Check the battery and engine ground connections. Verify the fuel pump is energizing when turning the ignition key to On. Check for blown fuses. Then you can start checking the alternator, starter motor, ignition, fuel system pressure, and their circuits. Most of the time you'll be able to fix the problem yourself. Sometimes, you will need to replace a fuel pressure regulator, ignition coil, module, or fuel pump, or fix a vacuum leak. See the Resources below for diagnostic ideas if you have narrowed your problem down to a particular system. Resources on Starting System Faults Car Starter Problems? Five Starting-System Inspection Tips Car starter problems? Don't blame the starter motor yet. These 5 troubleshooting tips will help you find the culprit. How to Use Voltage Drop to Troubleshoot the Starter System Testing the voltage drop can help you find trouble spots in your starter circuit before you swap components unnecessarily. Resources on Charging Circuit Faults Troubleshooting Alternator and Charging System Problems Diagnose alternator and charging system problems with this practical guide to get your car back on the road faster. How to Do a Voltage Drop Test on Your Charging System Voltage-drop test your charging system circuit before condemning your alternator. Resources on the Fuel System How to Test a Fuel Pressure Regulator Learn how to test a fuel pressure regulator to save money and time in car repairs. Resources for Dealing with the Crankshaft and Camshaft Sensors How to Test a Crankshaft Position Sensor Using a Multimeter Troubleshoot an inductive or Hall effect type crankshaft position (CKP) sensor using a digital multimeter. Camshaft Position Sensor Test You can do a camshaft position sensor test using a digital multimeter at home and, if necessary, using a few common tools. My Engine Has No Spark at the Coil If your car’s ignition system has no spark, a few simple tests can help you locate the fault. Resources for Dealing With Battery Faults How to Test a Car Battery With a Multimeter or Hydrometer This guide will show you how to use a digital multimeter, hydrometer, and other simple tools to troubleshoot, inspect, and clean your battery if necessary. How to Do a Parasitic Battery Drain Test Find that parasitic battery drain that's causing your car battery problems whether you have a newer or older vehicle model. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
Часто причина отсутствия запуска связана с неисправностью топливной системы. Если ваш двигатель проворачивается, но отказывается запускаться, проведите этот простой тест. Этот тест может определить, связана ли проблема с подачей топлива.
Если двигатель заводится на пару секунд, а затем глохнет, скорее всего, ваша проблема связана с топливом. Проверьте топливный фильтр, регулятор давления топлива и топливный насос, как указано в следующих разделах.
В следующем видео показано, как использовать пусковую жидкость.
феникс-iframe>
Теперь, когда у вас есть представление о том, какую систему необходимо исследовать, вы можете приступить к исследованию. Следующие десять разделов посвящены десяти наиболее распространенным неисправностям, с которыми вы, вероятно, столкнетесь, когда ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, и тому, как проверить каждую потенциальную неисправность.
феникс-картинка> 1. Батарея разряжена Это одна из самых распространенных причин, по которой машина не заводится. Автомобильный аккумулятор может прослужить до шести лет, в зависимости от обслуживания и условий эксплуатации. Например, экстремальные погодные условия сократят срок его службы. Однако нередко аккумулятор внезапно разряжается. Проверьте соединения клемм аккумуляторной батареи. Удалите коррозию и убедитесь, что клеммы затянуты. Затем проверьте уровень электролита, если на аккумуляторе есть съемные крышки. Если ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, убедитесь, что аккумулятор хорошо заряжен. Вы можете использовать цифровой мультиметр (DMM), чтобы проверить его уровень заряда. Чтобы проверить уровень заряда аккумулятора: Выключите все аксессуары, закройте двери и откройте капот. Установите вольтметр на 20 В постоянного тока. Включите цифровой мультиметр и подключите черный провод к отрицательному (-) выводу аккумулятора, а красный провод — к положительному (+) выводу аккумулятора. Ваша батарея должна иметь напряжение не менее 12,4 В; в противном случае зарядите аккумулятор или проверьте его в местном магазине автозапчастей. Если вам нужно подзарядить аккумулятор, по возможности используйте медленную зарядку. Это поможет восстановить состояние батареи. Ваш местный магазин автозапчастей может проверить, в порядке ли ваш аккумулятор. <картинка феникса> 2. Bad Starter Motor or System The starter motor and its circuit are other common sources of trouble. This system could be the culprit if you hear a solid click when attempting to start the engine. There could be a problem with the starter solenoid, relay or starter motor. If necessary, check the circuit with a voltage drop test. See the Resources section at the bottom of this post for help with this test. Also, your local auto parts store will check the starter motor for free, but you'll need to remove the starter from the vehicle. 3. Faulty Alternator Along with a dead or bad battery, alternator issues are one of the most common reasons for a no-start condition. Usually, the charging system will turn on a warning light on the dashboard alerting you about a fault in the system. However, there are many reasons a charging system may fail to deliver a charge to the battery or electrical power to other systems in the vehicle. Points to check: Check for a loose or worn belt or a worn or damaged belt tensioner. Inspect the condition of the wiring and connectors. Have the alternator checked at your local auto parts store. Do an alternator circuit voltage drop test, if necessary. See the Resources section. Keep in mind that a corroded battery terminal could be a sign of an alternator overcharging the battery. If you don't want to do it, your local auto parts store will check the alternator for you. 4. Fuel Filter Clogged Most manufacturers recommend replacing the fuel filter every one or two years. Replace your fuel filter as recommended. Although many fuel filters include a bypass valve in case the filter clogs, not all come equipped with this valve. Besides, rust and other sediments in the fuel tank can make their way to the fuel filter and clog its filter element. Before giving out completely, a clogging fuel filter will give you one or more signs. For example, you may notice a lack of engine power at high speeds, difficulty starting the engine, or poor acceleration. Check your repair manual to inspect the fuel filter and system in your particular model, if necessary. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second section of this post. 5. Faulty Fuel Pressure Regulator A fuel pressure regulator (FPR) limits the amount of pressure buildup in the system, typically to between 35 and 45 psi. Check your vehicle repair manual for your model specifications. But FPRs can fail. If the internal diaphragm begins to leak fuel into the intake manifold, pressure will drop, and the cylinders will be flooded with fuel, making the engine hard to start. Also, if too much raw fuel reaches the catalytic converter, the Check Engine Light (CEL) will begin to flash on your dashboard. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the "Pre-Diagnostic 2" section of this article above. You can perform a few FPR tests at home. See the Resources section at the bottom of this article for some help. 6. Bad Fuel Pump Fuel pumps have a long service life. They can last 80,000 miles or more. If your fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator are fine, but you have a fuel issue, probably your fuel pump is bad. When turning the ignition key to the "On" position, before trying to start the engine, you should hear a buzzing sound for a couple of seconds. This is the sound of the fuel pump motor being activated to prime the fuel delivery system. If you don't hear this sound, it may be that: no voltage is reaching the fuel pump, the fuel pump fuse is blown, the fuel pump relay is bad, or the pump itself may have failed. To verify a fuel delivery issue, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second diagnostic section near the top of this article. Also, check the repair manual for your particular model to see how to test the fuel pump, if necessary. 7. Faulty Ignition Coil or Module For the most part, ignition coils or modules are pretty reliable. Unlike spark plugs, wires, and distributor caps (depending on the model), an ignition coil or module doesn't require much attention. However, they can fail from time to time. The conditions under which they operate, like heat, vibration and other engine performance issues, can have an adverse effect on any of these components after many miles of operation. Older vehicle models used a single ignition coil and module to deliver a spark to the spark plugs. Newer models may use a module and one coil per spark plug. A failed coil or module in one of these models will certainly prevent the engine from starting. You can use a spark tester to verify the presence and condition of the spark. You can buy one at your local auto parts store. If possible, get an adjustable spark tester you can use in different vehicles. The Resources section at the bottom of this post, and your vehicle repair manual, can help you check an ignition coil or test for the presence of a spark in the ignition system. 8. Faulty Crankshaft or Camshaft Position Sensor The crankshaft position (CKP) sensor monitors engine speed, and the camshaft position (CMP) sensor tracks the position of the camshaft. The electronic control module (ECM), the car's computer, uses the signal from both sensors to control fuel injection operation, direct ignition, and, depending on vehicle model, the variable valve timing system. If any of these sensors fails, your car may fail to start. Sometimes, depending on the specific fault, a bad CKP or CMP will trigger the check engine light (CEL). Whether the CEL illuminates on your dashboard or not, it's a good idea to scan the computer memory for potential diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that can help you diagnose a no-start condition. If you don't have a scan tool, your local auto parts store may download DTCs for you without cost. Also, check your vehicle repair manual. And, within the Resources section at the bottom of this post, you'll find links to other posts to help you check these sensors yourself, if possible. 9. Major Vacuum Leak Major vacuum leaks are not common, but they definitely happen. A vacuum leak can make the air-fuel mixture too lean, preventing the engine from starting. A leak may come from a vacuum line, intake manifold gasket, throttle body gasket, leaking EGR valve gasket, power brake booster or positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve. Vacuum leaks can be tricky to find. You can visually inspect every vacuum hose and trace it with your hand, feeling for tears or damaged spots. Also, pay attention to hissing sounds that may indicate a leak. A leaking gasket is harder to detect, though, unless you have a smoke machine designed for this purpose. If necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual. 10. Failed Timing Belt You won't see this type of failure often. Timing belts can last between 50,000 and 100,000 miles or more, depending on your particular model. And if you have a timing chain rather than a belt, you may never have to worry about replacing it. Still, if you've checked the usual suspect without success, check for a failed timing belt or chain. The engine's crankshaft and camshaft are joined by a timing belt or chain through a series of sprockets. When this belt or chain brakes or wears out, or the tensioner fails, the crankshaft won't be able to rotate the camshaft anymore, making it impossible to start the engine. Checking for a failed timing belt or chain: On a vehicle fitted with a distributor, you can remove the distributor cap and try to fire up the engine. If the distributor rotor doesn't move, most likely your timing belt or chain, or one of the system components, has failed. On models with multiport fuel injection systems, sometimes it's possible to remove the timing belt or chain cover to check for camshaft movement while trying to start the engine. Or you may be able to remove the oil cap from the valve cover, or the cover itself if necessary, to check for valve movement while trying to start the engine. If there's no movement, it's time to check the belt, chain, or system components. If the camshaft rotates, you may still want to verify ignition timing. If the belt or chain has skipped some sprocket teeth, it may be difficult or impossible to start your engine. Consult your vehicle repair manual to check crankshaft and camshaft synchronization. A Few Unusual Additional Possibilities Of course, there are other model-specific components or systems that can prevent your vehicle from starting. Например: A faulty key fob or with a drained battery. Inertia fuel shut-off switch triggered during an accident or a jolt on the road. Faulty anti-theft system. Consult the repair manual for your specific make and model for help on these and other systems or components. Dealing With a Car That Won't Start To sum up, when your car won't start, begin your diagnostic with the most simple components or obvious potential problems, as in Diagnostics 1 and 2 at the beginning of the article: Make sure there's gas in the fuel tank. Verify your battery's state of charge. Make sure battery terminals are clean and tight. Check the battery and engine ground connections. Verify the fuel pump is energizing when turning the ignition key to On. Check for blown fuses. Then you can start checking the alternator, starter motor, ignition, fuel system pressure, and their circuits. Most of the time you'll be able to fix the problem yourself. Sometimes, you will need to replace a fuel pressure regulator, ignition coil, module, or fuel pump, or fix a vacuum leak. See the Resources below for diagnostic ideas if you have narrowed your problem down to a particular system. Resources on Starting System Faults Car Starter Problems? Five Starting-System Inspection Tips Car starter problems? Don't blame the starter motor yet. These 5 troubleshooting tips will help you find the culprit. How to Use Voltage Drop to Troubleshoot the Starter System Testing the voltage drop can help you find trouble spots in your starter circuit before you swap components unnecessarily. Resources on Charging Circuit Faults Troubleshooting Alternator and Charging System Problems Diagnose alternator and charging system problems with this practical guide to get your car back on the road faster. How to Do a Voltage Drop Test on Your Charging System Voltage-drop test your charging system circuit before condemning your alternator. Resources on the Fuel System How to Test a Fuel Pressure Regulator Learn how to test a fuel pressure regulator to save money and time in car repairs. Resources for Dealing with the Crankshaft and Camshaft Sensors How to Test a Crankshaft Position Sensor Using a Multimeter Troubleshoot an inductive or Hall effect type crankshaft position (CKP) sensor using a digital multimeter. Camshaft Position Sensor Test You can do a camshaft position sensor test using a digital multimeter at home and, if necessary, using a few common tools. My Engine Has No Spark at the Coil If your car’s ignition system has no spark, a few simple tests can help you locate the fault. Resources for Dealing With Battery Faults How to Test a Car Battery With a Multimeter or Hydrometer This guide will show you how to use a digital multimeter, hydrometer, and other simple tools to troubleshoot, inspect, and clean your battery if necessary. How to Do a Parasitic Battery Drain Test Find that parasitic battery drain that's causing your car battery problems whether you have a newer or older vehicle model. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
Это одна из самых распространенных причин, по которой машина не заводится. Автомобильный аккумулятор может прослужить до шести лет, в зависимости от обслуживания и условий эксплуатации. Например, экстремальные погодные условия сократят срок его службы.
Однако нередко аккумулятор внезапно разряжается.
Проверьте соединения клемм аккумуляторной батареи. Удалите коррозию и убедитесь, что клеммы затянуты. Затем проверьте уровень электролита, если на аккумуляторе есть съемные крышки.
Если ваш автомобиль отказывается заводиться, убедитесь, что аккумулятор хорошо заряжен. Вы можете использовать цифровой мультиметр (DMM), чтобы проверить его уровень заряда.
Чтобы проверить уровень заряда аккумулятора:
Если вам нужно подзарядить аккумулятор, по возможности используйте медленную зарядку. Это поможет восстановить состояние батареи.
Ваш местный магазин автозапчастей может проверить, в порядке ли ваш аккумулятор.
2. Bad Starter Motor or System The starter motor and its circuit are other common sources of trouble. This system could be the culprit if you hear a solid click when attempting to start the engine. There could be a problem with the starter solenoid, relay or starter motor. If necessary, check the circuit with a voltage drop test. See the Resources section at the bottom of this post for help with this test. Also, your local auto parts store will check the starter motor for free, but you'll need to remove the starter from the vehicle. 3. Faulty Alternator Along with a dead or bad battery, alternator issues are one of the most common reasons for a no-start condition. Usually, the charging system will turn on a warning light on the dashboard alerting you about a fault in the system. However, there are many reasons a charging system may fail to deliver a charge to the battery or electrical power to other systems in the vehicle. Points to check: Check for a loose or worn belt or a worn or damaged belt tensioner. Inspect the condition of the wiring and connectors. Have the alternator checked at your local auto parts store. Do an alternator circuit voltage drop test, if necessary. See the Resources section. Keep in mind that a corroded battery terminal could be a sign of an alternator overcharging the battery. If you don't want to do it, your local auto parts store will check the alternator for you. 4. Fuel Filter Clogged Most manufacturers recommend replacing the fuel filter every one or two years. Replace your fuel filter as recommended. Although many fuel filters include a bypass valve in case the filter clogs, not all come equipped with this valve. Besides, rust and other sediments in the fuel tank can make their way to the fuel filter and clog its filter element. Before giving out completely, a clogging fuel filter will give you one or more signs. For example, you may notice a lack of engine power at high speeds, difficulty starting the engine, or poor acceleration. Check your repair manual to inspect the fuel filter and system in your particular model, if necessary. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second section of this post. 5. Faulty Fuel Pressure Regulator A fuel pressure regulator (FPR) limits the amount of pressure buildup in the system, typically to between 35 and 45 psi. Check your vehicle repair manual for your model specifications. But FPRs can fail. If the internal diaphragm begins to leak fuel into the intake manifold, pressure will drop, and the cylinders will be flooded with fuel, making the engine hard to start. Also, if too much raw fuel reaches the catalytic converter, the Check Engine Light (CEL) will begin to flash on your dashboard. If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the "Pre-Diagnostic 2" section of this article above. You can perform a few FPR tests at home. See the Resources section at the bottom of this article for some help. 6. Bad Fuel Pump Fuel pumps have a long service life. They can last 80,000 miles or more. If your fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator are fine, but you have a fuel issue, probably your fuel pump is bad. When turning the ignition key to the "On" position, before trying to start the engine, you should hear a buzzing sound for a couple of seconds. This is the sound of the fuel pump motor being activated to prime the fuel delivery system. If you don't hear this sound, it may be that: no voltage is reaching the fuel pump, the fuel pump fuse is blown, the fuel pump relay is bad, or the pump itself may have failed. To verify a fuel delivery issue, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second diagnostic section near the top of this article. Also, check the repair manual for your particular model to see how to test the fuel pump, if necessary. 7. Faulty Ignition Coil or Module For the most part, ignition coils or modules are pretty reliable. Unlike spark plugs, wires, and distributor caps (depending on the model), an ignition coil or module doesn't require much attention. However, they can fail from time to time. The conditions under which they operate, like heat, vibration and other engine performance issues, can have an adverse effect on any of these components after many miles of operation. Older vehicle models used a single ignition coil and module to deliver a spark to the spark plugs. Newer models may use a module and one coil per spark plug. A failed coil or module in one of these models will certainly prevent the engine from starting. You can use a spark tester to verify the presence and condition of the spark. You can buy one at your local auto parts store. If possible, get an adjustable spark tester you can use in different vehicles. The Resources section at the bottom of this post, and your vehicle repair manual, can help you check an ignition coil or test for the presence of a spark in the ignition system. 8. Faulty Crankshaft or Camshaft Position Sensor The crankshaft position (CKP) sensor monitors engine speed, and the camshaft position (CMP) sensor tracks the position of the camshaft. The electronic control module (ECM), the car's computer, uses the signal from both sensors to control fuel injection operation, direct ignition, and, depending on vehicle model, the variable valve timing system. If any of these sensors fails, your car may fail to start. Sometimes, depending on the specific fault, a bad CKP or CMP will trigger the check engine light (CEL). Whether the CEL illuminates on your dashboard or not, it's a good idea to scan the computer memory for potential diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that can help you diagnose a no-start condition. If you don't have a scan tool, your local auto parts store may download DTCs for you without cost. Also, check your vehicle repair manual. And, within the Resources section at the bottom of this post, you'll find links to other posts to help you check these sensors yourself, if possible. 9. Major Vacuum Leak Major vacuum leaks are not common, but they definitely happen. A vacuum leak can make the air-fuel mixture too lean, preventing the engine from starting. A leak may come from a vacuum line, intake manifold gasket, throttle body gasket, leaking EGR valve gasket, power brake booster or positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve. Vacuum leaks can be tricky to find. You can visually inspect every vacuum hose and trace it with your hand, feeling for tears or damaged spots. Also, pay attention to hissing sounds that may indicate a leak. A leaking gasket is harder to detect, though, unless you have a smoke machine designed for this purpose. If necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual. 10. Failed Timing Belt You won't see this type of failure often. Timing belts can last between 50,000 and 100,000 miles or more, depending on your particular model. And if you have a timing chain rather than a belt, you may never have to worry about replacing it. Still, if you've checked the usual suspect without success, check for a failed timing belt or chain. The engine's crankshaft and camshaft are joined by a timing belt or chain through a series of sprockets. When this belt or chain brakes or wears out, or the tensioner fails, the crankshaft won't be able to rotate the camshaft anymore, making it impossible to start the engine. Checking for a failed timing belt or chain: On a vehicle fitted with a distributor, you can remove the distributor cap and try to fire up the engine. If the distributor rotor doesn't move, most likely your timing belt or chain, or one of the system components, has failed. On models with multiport fuel injection systems, sometimes it's possible to remove the timing belt or chain cover to check for camshaft movement while trying to start the engine. Or you may be able to remove the oil cap from the valve cover, or the cover itself if necessary, to check for valve movement while trying to start the engine. If there's no movement, it's time to check the belt, chain, or system components. If the camshaft rotates, you may still want to verify ignition timing. If the belt or chain has skipped some sprocket teeth, it may be difficult or impossible to start your engine. Consult your vehicle repair manual to check crankshaft and camshaft synchronization. A Few Unusual Additional Possibilities Of course, there are other model-specific components or systems that can prevent your vehicle from starting. Например: A faulty key fob or with a drained battery. Inertia fuel shut-off switch triggered during an accident or a jolt on the road. Faulty anti-theft system. Consult the repair manual for your specific make and model for help on these and other systems or components. Dealing With a Car That Won't Start To sum up, when your car won't start, begin your diagnostic with the most simple components or obvious potential problems, as in Diagnostics 1 and 2 at the beginning of the article: Make sure there's gas in the fuel tank. Verify your battery's state of charge. Make sure battery terminals are clean and tight. Check the battery and engine ground connections. Verify the fuel pump is energizing when turning the ignition key to On. Check for blown fuses. Then you can start checking the alternator, starter motor, ignition, fuel system pressure, and their circuits. Most of the time you'll be able to fix the problem yourself. Sometimes, you will need to replace a fuel pressure regulator, ignition coil, module, or fuel pump, or fix a vacuum leak. See the Resources below for diagnostic ideas if you have narrowed your problem down to a particular system. Resources on Starting System Faults Car Starter Problems? Five Starting-System Inspection Tips Car starter problems? Don't blame the starter motor yet. These 5 troubleshooting tips will help you find the culprit. How to Use Voltage Drop to Troubleshoot the Starter System Testing the voltage drop can help you find trouble spots in your starter circuit before you swap components unnecessarily. Resources on Charging Circuit Faults Troubleshooting Alternator and Charging System Problems Diagnose alternator and charging system problems with this practical guide to get your car back on the road faster. How to Do a Voltage Drop Test on Your Charging System Voltage-drop test your charging system circuit before condemning your alternator. Resources on the Fuel System How to Test a Fuel Pressure Regulator Learn how to test a fuel pressure regulator to save money and time in car repairs. Resources for Dealing with the Crankshaft and Camshaft Sensors How to Test a Crankshaft Position Sensor Using a Multimeter Troubleshoot an inductive or Hall effect type crankshaft position (CKP) sensor using a digital multimeter. Camshaft Position Sensor Test You can do a camshaft position sensor test using a digital multimeter at home and, if necessary, using a few common tools. My Engine Has No Spark at the Coil If your car’s ignition system has no spark, a few simple tests can help you locate the fault. Resources for Dealing With Battery Faults How to Test a Car Battery With a Multimeter or Hydrometer This guide will show you how to use a digital multimeter, hydrometer, and other simple tools to troubleshoot, inspect, and clean your battery if necessary. How to Do a Parasitic Battery Drain Test Find that parasitic battery drain that's causing your car battery problems whether you have a newer or older vehicle model. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
The starter motor and its circuit are other common sources of trouble. This system could be the culprit if you hear a solid click when attempting to start the engine.
There could be a problem with the starter solenoid, relay or starter motor. If necessary, check the circuit with a voltage drop test. See the Resources section at the bottom of this post for help with this test.
Also, your local auto parts store will check the starter motor for free, but you'll need to remove the starter from the vehicle.
Along with a dead or bad battery, alternator issues are one of the most common reasons for a no-start condition.
Usually, the charging system will turn on a warning light on the dashboard alerting you about a fault in the system. However, there are many reasons a charging system may fail to deliver a charge to the battery or electrical power to other systems in the vehicle.
Points to check:
Keep in mind that a corroded battery terminal could be a sign of an alternator overcharging the battery.
If you don't want to do it, your local auto parts store will check the alternator for you.
Most manufacturers recommend replacing the fuel filter every one or two years. Replace your fuel filter as recommended.
Although many fuel filters include a bypass valve in case the filter clogs, not all come equipped with this valve. Besides, rust and other sediments in the fuel tank can make their way to the fuel filter and clog its filter element.
Before giving out completely, a clogging fuel filter will give you one or more signs. For example, you may notice a lack of engine power at high speeds, difficulty starting the engine, or poor acceleration.
Check your repair manual to inspect the fuel filter and system in your particular model, if necessary.
If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second section of this post.
A fuel pressure regulator (FPR) limits the amount of pressure buildup in the system, typically to between 35 and 45 psi. Check your vehicle repair manual for your model specifications.
But FPRs can fail. If the internal diaphragm begins to leak fuel into the intake manifold, pressure will drop, and the cylinders will be flooded with fuel, making the engine hard to start.
Also, if too much raw fuel reaches the catalytic converter, the Check Engine Light (CEL) will begin to flash on your dashboard.
If you suspect insufficient fuel reaching the injectors, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the "Pre-Diagnostic 2" section of this article above.
You can perform a few FPR tests at home. See the Resources section at the bottom of this article for some help.
Fuel pumps have a long service life. They can last 80,000 miles or more. If your fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator are fine, but you have a fuel issue, probably your fuel pump is bad.
When turning the ignition key to the "On" position, before trying to start the engine, you should hear a buzzing sound for a couple of seconds. This is the sound of the fuel pump motor being activated to prime the fuel delivery system.
If you don't hear this sound, it may be that:
To verify a fuel delivery issue, do the quick fuel system delivery check as described in the second diagnostic section near the top of this article.
Also, check the repair manual for your particular model to see how to test the fuel pump, if necessary.
For the most part, ignition coils or modules are pretty reliable. Unlike spark plugs, wires, and distributor caps (depending on the model), an ignition coil or module doesn't require much attention.
However, they can fail from time to time. The conditions under which they operate, like heat, vibration and other engine performance issues, can have an adverse effect on any of these components after many miles of operation.
Older vehicle models used a single ignition coil and module to deliver a spark to the spark plugs. Newer models may use a module and one coil per spark plug. A failed coil or module in one of these models will certainly prevent the engine from starting.
You can use a spark tester to verify the presence and condition of the spark. You can buy one at your local auto parts store. If possible, get an adjustable spark tester you can use in different vehicles.
The Resources section at the bottom of this post, and your vehicle repair manual, can help you check an ignition coil or test for the presence of a spark in the ignition system.
The crankshaft position (CKP) sensor monitors engine speed, and the camshaft position (CMP) sensor tracks the position of the camshaft.
The electronic control module (ECM), the car's computer, uses the signal from both sensors to control fuel injection operation, direct ignition, and, depending on vehicle model, the variable valve timing system.
If any of these sensors fails, your car may fail to start.
Sometimes, depending on the specific fault, a bad CKP or CMP will trigger the check engine light (CEL). Whether the CEL illuminates on your dashboard or not, it's a good idea to scan the computer memory for potential diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that can help you diagnose a no-start condition.
If you don't have a scan tool, your local auto parts store may download DTCs for you without cost.
Also, check your vehicle repair manual. And, within the Resources section at the bottom of this post, you'll find links to other posts to help you check these sensors yourself, if possible.
Major vacuum leaks are not common, but they definitely happen. A vacuum leak can make the air-fuel mixture too lean, preventing the engine from starting.
A leak may come from a vacuum line, intake manifold gasket, throttle body gasket, leaking EGR valve gasket, power brake booster or positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve.
Vacuum leaks can be tricky to find. You can visually inspect every vacuum hose and trace it with your hand, feeling for tears or damaged spots. Also, pay attention to hissing sounds that may indicate a leak.
A leaking gasket is harder to detect, though, unless you have a smoke machine designed for this purpose.
If necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual.
You won't see this type of failure often. Timing belts can last between 50,000 and 100,000 miles or more, depending on your particular model. And if you have a timing chain rather than a belt, you may never have to worry about replacing it.
Still, if you've checked the usual suspect without success, check for a failed timing belt or chain.
The engine's crankshaft and camshaft are joined by a timing belt or chain through a series of sprockets. When this belt or chain brakes or wears out, or the tensioner fails, the crankshaft won't be able to rotate the camshaft anymore, making it impossible to start the engine.
Checking for a failed timing belt or chain:
On a vehicle fitted with a distributor, you can remove the distributor cap and try to fire up the engine. If the distributor rotor doesn't move, most likely your timing belt or chain, or one of the system components, has failed.
On models with multiport fuel injection systems, sometimes it's possible to remove the timing belt or chain cover to check for camshaft movement while trying to start the engine. Or you may be able to remove the oil cap from the valve cover, or the cover itself if necessary, to check for valve movement while trying to start the engine. If there's no movement, it's time to check the belt, chain, or system components.
If the camshaft rotates, you may still want to verify ignition timing. If the belt or chain has skipped some sprocket teeth, it may be difficult or impossible to start your engine.
Consult your vehicle repair manual to check crankshaft and camshaft synchronization.
Of course, there are other model-specific components or systems that can prevent your vehicle from starting. Например:
Consult the repair manual for your specific make and model for help on these and other systems or components.
To sum up, when your car won't start, begin your diagnostic with the most simple components or obvious potential problems, as in Diagnostics 1 and 2 at the beginning of the article:
Then you can start checking the alternator, starter motor, ignition, fuel system pressure, and their circuits.
Most of the time you'll be able to fix the problem yourself. Sometimes, you will need to replace a fuel pressure regulator, ignition coil, module, or fuel pump, or fix a vacuum leak.
See the Resources below for diagnostic ideas if you have narrowed your problem down to a particular system.
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
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